Actors - Cleopatra

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	Actors - Cleopatra

Cleopatra is the name of several movies about the last Egyptian queen of the same name. Movies of this title were released in 1912, 1917, 1920, 1934, 1963, and 1999.

1917 film

The 1917 Fox film was directed by J. Gordon Edwards and starred Theda Bara in the title role. Fritz Leiber Sr. played Julius Caesar and Thurston Hall played Marc Antony.

It was one of the most elaborate Hollywood films ever produced up to that time, with particularly lavish sets and costumes. The story of this silent film was very loosely based on the plot of William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. Theda Bara appeared in a variety of fantastic costumes, some quite risqué. The film was a great success at the time. Years later with the imposition of Hollywood's Hays Code the film was judged too obscene to be shown, and no surviving prints are known to exist. Only a few fragments in the hands of museums survive to this day. The picture was filmed on the Dominquez slough just outside of Long Beach, California.

1934 film

The 1934 film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture and won for cinematography (Victor Milner). It was written by Bartlett Cormack, Vincent Lawrence, and Valdemar Young and was directed by Cecil B. DeMille. It starred Claudette Colbert as Cleopatra, Warren William as Julius Caesar, Henry Wilcoxon as Marc Antony, Joseph Schildkraut as King Herod, and Ian Keith as Octavian. This movie was made during the time the Hays code had just taken place so it got away with more then other movies later might have.

1963 film

Produced by Walter Wanger, the 1963 film won Academy Awards for cinematography, art direction, costumes, sets, and special effects. It was also nominated in the best picture category. It was written by Sidney Buchman, Ben Hecht, Ranald MacDougall, and Joseph L. Mankiewicz from a book by Carlo Mario Franzero and was directed by Mankiewicz. It starred Elizabeth Taylor as Cleopatra, Richard Burton as Marc Antony, and Rex Harrison as Julius Caesar (nominated for Academy Award for Best Actor). The supporting cast included Roddy McDowall as the villainous Octavian, Martin Landau as Antony's aide Rufio, and Hume Cronyn as Cleopatra's servant Sosigenes. Cleopatra premiered at the Rivoli Theatre in New York City on June 12, 1963.

The film is infamous for almost bankrupting 20th Century Fox. It was made at a cost of $44 million -- an impossibly extravagant figure for that time; in 2005 dollars it can be priced at $286 million, the most expensive film ever produced (see List of most expensive films (inflation)), partly due to the fact that the film's elaborate, complicated sets, costumes and props had to be constructed twice, once during a botched shoot in London and once more when the production relocated to Rome.

Cleopatra was not a box-office flop by any means, in fact the film grossed more than $23 million and was the highest grossing film of the year, but it was less than just half the budget it took to produce the movie itself. With such astronomical cost and the current price of movie tickets, Cleopatra didn't have a chance of making a profit on its first run and it took several years to break even and the financial loss from the film forced the studio to undertake drastic retrenchments. Supposedly, the film is still listed as a negative cost for Fox today, which means that, technically, the movie still has not made back its initial investment. The suit of golden armor worn in the movie by Elizabeth Taylor was made from real gold, at a cost of about $1 million. It was so heavy that she could only wear it for short periods of time.

1999 film

The 1999 Cleopatra (produced by Hallmark Entertainment) starred Leonor Varela (Cleopatra), Timothy Dalton (Caesar), and Billy Zane (Antony). Based on the book Memoirs of Cleopatra by Margaret George and more faithful to history than the earlier versions, it was shown first on television and then released on videotape and DVD.

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Actors - Cleopatra

1917 film

1934 film

1963 film

1999 film

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