Games - Chess piece

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	Games - Chess piece

In chess, each player has one of two equivalent sets of pieces of different colors. Each set has six types of pieces:

1 King
1 Queen
2 Rook
s
2 Bishop
s
2 Knight
s
8 Pawn
s

Some chess variants or certain kinds of chess problems call for non-standard fairy pieces.

In discussions about play, a distinction is often drawn between pawns and more valuable "pieces."

Movement of the pieces

Each piece moves in a different pattern.

The rook moves any number of squares orthogonally to the players (forward, backward, left or right). Also see castling.
The bishop moves any number of squares diagonally.
The queen moves any number of squares orthogonally or diagonally.
The king moves only one square orthogonally or diagonally. Also see castling.
The knight moves in an "L"-shape (two spaces in one direction and one space orthogonally to it). The knight can jump over other pieces when moving.
The pawn can only move away one space (or two spaces, see below) forward in a straight line away from the player, unless there is an enemy piece diagonally (either left or right) one space in front of the pawn; if such a situation occurs, then the pawn may either move diagonally to capture that piece or continue moving in a straight line. The pawn can move one or two spaces if it hasn't moved from its original square. Also see en passant.

Pieces capture opposing pieces by replacing them on their square, except for the en passant rule.

Chess sets

The variation of designs available is broad, from highly abstract representations to themed designs such as those which emulate the drawings from the works of Lewis Carroll or modern treatments such as Star Trek or The Simpsons. Themed designs are intended for display rather than for actual play.

Chess pieces used for play are usually figurines that are taller than they are wide. For example, a set of pieces designed for a board with 2 inch (5cm) squares will typically have a king around 3-3/4 in (95 mm) tall. They are available in a variety of designs, with the most well-known "Staunton design" which is named after Howard Staunton (a 19^th century English chess player), which was designed by Nathaniel Cook. The first Staunton style sets were made in 1849 by Jaques of London (also known as John Jaques of London and Jaques and Son of London).

For actual play, pieces of the Staunton design are the standard. The height of the king should be between 85mm and 105mm (3.35 to 4.13 inches) tall. A height of approximately 95 to 102mm (3.75 to 4 inches) is preferred by most players. The diameter of the king should be 40–50% of its height. The size of the other pieces should be in proportion to the king. The pieces should be well balanced. The size of the squares of the chessboard should be approximately 1.25–1.3 times the diameter of the base of the king, or 50 to 65mm. Squares of size of approximately 57mm (2-1/4 inches) normally are well-suited for pieces with the kings in the preferred size range. These criteria are from the United States Chess Federation's Official Rules of Chess, which is based on the Fédération Internationale des Échecs rules.

For games played at the top level, pieces made of wood are common but for lower-level games or very large tournaments, plastic sets are more common. Although the physical color of chess pieces may vary, the lighter color is called "white" while the darker color is called "black."

Wooden white pieces of a chess set are normally made of the light wood boxwood or sometimes maple. Black wooden pieces are either made of a dark wood such as rosewood, ebony, red sandalwood, or walnut; or they are made of boxwood and stained or painted black, brown, or red. Plastic white pieces are made of white or off-white plastic and black plastic are made of black or red plastic. Sometimes other materials are used, such as bone, ivory, or a composite material.

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Games - Chess piece

Movement of the pieces

Chess sets

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