Games - MSX BASIC

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MSX BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language. It is an extended version of Microsoft Standard BASIC Version 4.5, and includes support for graphic, music, and various peripherials attached to MSX Personal Computers. Generally, MSX-BASIC is designed to follow GW-BASIC, which is one of the standard BASICs running on 16-bit computers. During the creation of MSX-BASIC, a major effort was made to make the system as flexible and expandable as possible.

Distribution

MSX BASIC came bundled in the ROM of all MSX computers. At system start-up MSX BASIC is invoked, causing its command prompt to be displayed, unless other software placed in ROM takes control (which is the typical case of game cartridges and disk interfaces, the later causing the MSX-DOS prompt to be shown if there is a disk present which contains the DOS system files).

When MSX BASIC is invoked, the ROM code for BIOS and the BASIC interpreter itself are visible on the lower 32K of the Z80 addressing space. The upper 32K are set to RAM, of which about 23K to 28K are available for BASIC code and data (the exact amount depends on the presence of disk controller and on the MSX-DOS kernel version).

Development Environment

MSX BASIC development environment is very similar to that of the Dartmouth Time Sharing System associated with Dartmouth BASIC, it has a command line-based Integrated Development Environment (IDE) system; all program lines must be numbered, all non-numbered lines are considered to be commands in direct mode (ie, to be executed immediately). The user interface is almost completely command line, except for the function key shortcuts at the bottom and an initial copyright notice at the top of the screen.

Versions of MSX BASIC

Every new version of the MSX computer was bundled with an updated version of MSX BASIC. All versions are backward compatible and provide new capabilities to fully explore the new and extended hardware found on the newer MSX computers.

MSX BASIC 1.0 / 1.1

Bundled with MSX 1.0 / 1.1 computers
16 KB in size
No native support for floppy disk requiring the Disk BASIC cartridge extension (4 KB overhead)
Support for all available screen modes:
* Screen 0 (text mode 40 x 24 characters)
* Screen 1 (mixed text mode 32 x 24 characters, sprites and colored custom characters)
* Screen 2 (high resolution graphic mode 256 x 192 pixels, 16 colors)
* Screen 3 (low resolution graphic mode 64×48 - 4×4 pixel blocks over the screen 2 resolution)
Full support for hardware sprites and interrupt-driven automatic collision detection
Full support for the General Instruments AY-3-8910 Programmable Sound Generator (PSG)

MSX BASIC 2.0

Bundled with MSX 2.0
16 KB in size
Added support for new available screen modes (Note: the 424 lines can only be displayed in interlace mode):
* Updated Screen 0 (text mode 80 x 24)
* Screen 5 (graphic mode 256 x 212/424 pixels, 16 colors out of 512)
* Screen 6 (graphic mode 512 x 212/424 pixels, 4 colors out of 512)
* Screen 7 (graphic mode 512 x 212/424 pixels, 16 colors out of 512)
* Screen 8 (graphic mode 256 x 212/424 pixels, 256 colors, no palette)
Added support for multicolored sprites (16 colors)
Added support for hardware accelerated graphics functions (copy, fill, blittering, etc.)
Added support for using the lower 32K RAM of the computer (not directly visible because the BIOS and BASIC interpreter ROMs take over the addressing space) as a limited RAM disk (only certain types of files could be saved).

MSX BASIC 3.0

Bundled with MSX 2.0+ (plus)
16 KB
Added command SET SCROLL for smooth, hardware based scrolling in BASIC
Added support for new available screen modes:
* Screen 10 (graphic mode 256 x 212/424 pixels, 12499 YJK at once + 16 colors out of 512 RGB in ML)
* Screen 11 (graphic mode 256 x 212/424 pixels, 12499 YJK at once + 16 colors out of 512 RGB)
* Screen 12 (graphic mode 256 x 212/424 pixels, 19268 YJK at once)

MSX BASIC 4.0

Bundled with MSX Turbo R (only release in Japan)
Added support for screen modes of 512 x 512 (16 colors out of 512) and 256 x 212 (19268 colors)
Added _PAUSE command to make delays in BASIC independent of the current CPU and clock
Added extra commands for the PCM device (_PCMPLAY, _PCMREC)

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