Games - Perpetual check

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	Games - Perpetual check

In the game of chess, perpetual check is a special case of draw by threefold repetition, in which one player forces the repetition by a series of checks.

In the diagram on the right, from Unzicker-Averbakh, Stockholm 1952, with Black to play, it is clear that Black must give up one of his rooks for White's c-pawn. He can, however, exploit the weakness of White's king-side pawn structure with 1... Rxc7! 2. Qxc7 Ng4! 3. hxg4 Qf2+ salvaging a draw by threefold repetition with checks on h4 and f2. (See algebraic chess notation.)

A draw by perpetual check used to be in the rules of chess. However, it has been removed because perpetual check will eventually result in a draw by either threefold repetition or the fifty move rule. Also, if a player intends to draw the game in such a manner, the players usually agree to a draw.

Perpetual check can also occur in other chess variants, although the rules relating to it may be different. For example, giving perpetual check is not allowed (an automatic loss for the giver) in both shogi and xiangqi.

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