Movies - The Carpetbaggers

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	Movies - The Carpetbaggers

For an article about post-Civil War opportunists, see carpetbaggers.

The Carpetbaggers is the title of a 1961 bestselling novel by Harold Robbins, which was adapted into a 1964 film of the same title.

The term "carpetbagger" has the generic meaning of a presumptuous newcomer who enters a new territory seeking success. In this case, the territory is the movie industry, and the newcomer is a wealthy heir to an industrial fortune who, like Howard Hughes, simultaneously pursued aviation and moviemaking avocations.

Roman à clef

Ian Parker described the book as "a roman à clef—it was generally thought to have been inspired by the life of Howard Hughes." In an interview with Dick Lochte, Robbins said "The airplane manufacturer in The Carpetbaggers was Bill Lear, not Howard Hughes, by the way." TV Guide Online's capsule summary of the movie says, however, "Deny it though he might, Harold Robbins obviously used parts of the life of Howard Hughes as the basis for his major character, Jonas Cord." One must agree with Parker and TV Guide, since Lear, developer of the Lear jet and the 8-track tape player, was more famous as an engineer than as an aviator, and had no connection with Hollywood.

Parallels between Cord and Hughes include:

Cord is the heir to his father's Cord Explosives Company, Hughes to his father's Hughes Tool Company.
Cord personally sets aviation records, as did Hughes.
Much of the novel concerns itself with Cord's ventures into movie production; Hughes produced twenty-six films.
Cord owns an airline named ICA; Hughes owned TWA.
Cord personally pilots a gigantic flying boat called the Centurion, "the biggest airplane ever built," to prove its airworthiness in order to meet a naval contract condition. Hughes personally piloted the Hughes H-4 Hercules or Spruce Goose, by some criteria the largest aircraft ever built, to prove its airworthiness in order to deflect Congressional criticism of his war contracts.

Ian Parker and others identify the character Rina Marlowe with Jean Harlow, with whom Howard Hughes had a long affair. Hollywood must have perceived the similarity, too, for actress Carroll Baker, who played Rina Marlowe in The Carpetbaggers, was chosen a year later to play the title role in the biopic Harlow. Fictional Rina Marlowe's husband, cinema director Claude Dunbar commits suicide shortly after their marriage, as did Jean Harlow's second husband, cinematographer Paul Bern. Marlowe dies tragically of encephalitis circa 1934, Harlow of kidney failure in 1937.

As is typical of Robbins's novels, correspondences between his fictional characters and real individuals are imprecise. In the novel, Jonas Cord's first movie production is entitled The Renegade; is released in 1930; and stars Rina Marlowe in her screen debut. Marlowe has a 38C bust and Cord has one of his aeronautical engineers design a special brassiere for her. There is a brief reference to his producing a movie four years later entitled "Devils in the Sky." These movie titles bear an unmistakable similarity to two famous movies produced and directed by Hughes: The Outlaw
and Hell's Angels.

In historical fact, it was the 1930 Hell's Angels, rather than The Outlaw, that came first. It starred Jean Harlow, but it was not her debut; she was an established actress with seventeen earlier screen credits. Jean Harlow was famous as (in the words of her official estate-sponsored website), "Hollywood's Original Blonde Bombshell," but her bust measurement was not extraordinary. The real-life person who did make her screen debut as a star, was famous for her large bust, and for whom Hughes really did have an engineer design a special brassiere, was Hughes' later girlfriend, Jane Russell, who starred in The Outlaw in 1943.

Further confusing the situation, the names of real people whom Robbins' fictional characters resemble are often mentioned briefly within the novel, as if they inhabited the fictional world alongside their fictional doubles. When Rina Marlowe dies, a studio official says that, to replace Marlowe in an upcoming picture, "I'm already talking to Metro about getting Jean Harlow." A fictional Charles Standhurst, who owns "more than twenty newspapers stretched across the nation," is said to be "second only to Hearst."

The character Nevada Smith is a cowboy who breaks into the movies by volunteering to perform a risky stunt, becomes fabulously wealthy as a movie cowboy star, and becomes proprietor of a Wild West show. In these details he bears a vague resemblance to Tom Mix, who was a star performer in the 101 Wild West Show and became in turn a movie extra, stunt man, and major star. Some also see a resemblance between Nevada Smith and William Boyd, who became famous as Hopalong Cassidy. Others say that Smith was based on cowboy actor Ken Maynard. A 1966 movie named Nevada Smith
was based on his role in this book. The role of Billy the Kid in Hughes' The Outlaw was played by Jack Buetel, who, prior to his movie career was neither an outlaw nor a cowboy, but an insurance clerk.

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