Musicians - Emmerich Kalman

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	Musicians - Emmerich Kalman

Emmerich Kálmán (October 24, 1882 - October 30, 1953), also known as Imre Kálmán, was a Hungarian composer of operettas.

Kálmán was born in Siófok, on the southern shore of Lake Balaton, Hungary (formerly in the Austro-Hungarian Empire) in a Jewish family. Kálmán had initially intended to become a concert pianist, but because of early-onset arthritis, he instead started focusing on composition. He studied music theory and composition at the National Hungarian Royal Academy of Music (then the Budapest Academy of Music), where he was a fellow student of Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály under Hans Kössler. His early symphonic poems were well-received, although he failed to achieve publication.

However, the popularity of his humorous cabaret songs led him towards the composition of operettas. His first great success was Tatárjárás (the German version is named Ein Herbstmanöver, while the English name is The Gay Hussars) first staged at the Lustspieltheater in Budapest on February 22, 1908. Thereafter he moved to Vienna where he achieved a worldwide fame by composing his operettas Der Zigeunerprimas, Die Csárdásfürstin, Gräfin Mariza, and Die Zirkusprinzessin.

Kálmán and Franz Lehár were the leading composers of what has been called the "Silver Age" of Viennese operetta during the first quarter of the 20th century. He became well-known for his fusion of Viennese waltz with Hungarian csardas. Even so, poliphonically and melodically, Kálmán was a devoted follower of Giacomo Puccini, while in his orchestrational methods he employed principles characteristic of Tchaikovsky's music.

Kálmán left Europe to escape Nazi persecution, settling in California. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1942. He emigrated back to Europe from New York in 1949, settling in Paris, where he died.

Operettas with place and date of first production

Tatárjárás - Budapest - 1908
*Ein Herbstmanöver - Vienna - 1909 (German version of Tatárjárás)
*The Gay Hussars - - 1909
*Autumn Manoeuvres - London - 1912
Az Obsitos - Budapest -1910
*Der gute Kamerad - Vienna - 1911 (German revision of Az Obsitos)
*Gold gab ich für Eisen - Vienna - 1914 (revision of Der gute Kamerad)
Der Zigeunerprimás - Vienna - 1912
*Sari - - 1914
The Blue House - London - 1912
Der kleine König - Vienna - 1912
*Her Soldier Boy - - 1916
*Soldier Boy - London - 1918
Zsuzsi kisasszony - Budapest - 1915
*Miss Springtime - - 1916
*Die Faschingsfee - Vienna - 1917 (German revision of Zsuzsi kisasszony)
Die Csárdásfürstin - Vienna - 1915
*The Riviera Girl - - 1917
*The Gipsy Princess - London - 1921
Das Hollandweibchen - Vienna - 1920
*A Little Dutch Girl - London - 1920
*The Dutch Girl - U.S. - 1925
Die Bajadere - Vienna -1921
*The Yankee Princess - -1922
Gräfin Mariza - Vienna -1924
*Countess Maritza - - 1926
*Maritza - London - 1938
Die Zirkusprinzessin - Vienna - 1926
*The Circus Princess - - 1927
Golden Dawn - - 1927
Die Herzogin von Chicago - Vienna - 1928
*The Duchess of Chicago - U.S. - 1929
Das Veilchen vom Montmartre - Vienna - 1930
*Paris in Spring - U.S. - 1930
*A Kiss in Spring - London - 1932
Der Teufelsreiter - Vienna - 1932
Kaiserin Josephine - Zurich -- 1936
Miss Underground - written 1942, unproduced
Marinka - - 1945
Arizona Lady - Bern - 1954

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